Nutrition And Neurodegenerative Diseases: Patient Practices And Physician Perceptions In An Algerian Cohort Study

Résumé

Background: Growing evidence suggests nutrition influences neurodegenerative disease risk and progression, yet clinical integration remains limited in developing countries. Objective: To evaluate dietary habits of patients with neurodegenerative diseases and healthcare professionals' perceptions in Oran, Algeria. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection (January-March 2025) at Etablissement Hospitalo-Universitaire (EHU) Oran, involving 102 consecutive patients (Parkinson's 56%, Alzheimer's 24%, Multiple Sclerosis 16%, ALS 4%) and 15 healthcare professionals. Structured questionnaires assessed dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and clinical practices. Statistical analysis: descriptive statistics with 95% confidence intervals; chi-square/Fisher exact tests for comparisons; multivariable logistic regression for predictors of counseling receipt and symptom improvement. Results: Pre-diagnosis, only 16% (95% CI: 10-24%) followed balanced diets. Post-diagnosis, 70% modified eating habits, with 40% reporting self-perceived symptomatic improvement. However, 62% received no professional nutritional counseling. All healthcare professionals recognized nutrition's importance (53% as major), but 73% reported insufficient training. Systematic nutritionist collaboration occurred in only 40% of cases. Main barriers: food costs (patients 53%, professionals 87%) and inadequate training (73%). Nutritional counseling independently predicted perceived symptom improvement (aOR 3.42, p=0.024). Conclusion: Substantial gaps exist between scientific knowledge and clinical practice. Addressing barriers requires strengthening professional education, institutionalizing nutritionist collaboration, and facilitating economic access to healthy foods.